"comunicacioun" meaning in Middle English

See comunicacioun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kɔˌmiu̯niˌkaːsiˈuːn/, /kɔˌmiu̯niˈkaːsjun/, /kɔmini-/
Etymology: Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion, Middle French communicacion, or their etymon Latin commūnicātiō; compare comun (“common”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|xno|communicacion}} Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion, {{bor|enm|frm|communicacion}} Middle French communicacion, {{glossary|etymon}} etymon, {{bor|enm|la|commūnicātiō}} Latin commūnicātiō Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} comunicacioun, {{enm-noun|-}} comunicacioun (uncountable), {{tlb|enm|mostly|Late ME|formal}} (chiefly Late Middle English, formal) Forms: comenycacion [alternative], cominicacioun [alternative], cominicasion [alternative], communecacoun [alternative], communicacion [alternative], communication [alternative], communycacion [alternative], communycacioun [alternative], communycacyon [alternative], commynycacioun [alternative], comownycacyon [alternative], comunicacion [alternative], comunicacyon [alternative], comunicacyoun [alternative], comunycacyoun [alternative], comynycacioun [alternative], komynykasyon [alternative]
  1. Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:
    Discussion, deliberation, conferral.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-XguURyyc Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 23 23 23 23 4 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 24 24 24 4 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 25 25 25 1 1
  2. Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:
    An instance of discussion or debate; a meeting.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-IXKdlWe2 Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, People Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 23 23 23 23 4 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 24 24 24 4 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of People: 0 100 0 0 0 0
  3. Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:
    (rare) Distribution, sharing.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, rare, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-FEco0f88 Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 23 23 23 23 4 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 24 24 24 4 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 25 25 25 1 1
  4. Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:
    (rare) A communication or message.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, rare, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-VscYeo2B Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Communication Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 23 23 23 23 4 3 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 24 24 24 4 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 25 25 25 1 1 Disambiguation of Communication: 0 0 0 100 0 0
  5. (rare) Similitude, resemblance. Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, rare, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-Gn5hO75q
  6. (rare) Frequency, commonness. Tags: Late-Middle-English, formal, rare, uncountable
    Sense id: en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-P-g69R4c

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "communication"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "communicacion"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "communicacion"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French communicacion",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "etymon"
      },
      "expansion": "etymon",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "commūnicātiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin commūnicātiō",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion, Middle French communicacion, or their etymon Latin commūnicātiō; compare comun (“common”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "comenycacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cominicacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cominicasion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communecacoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communicacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communication",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commynycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comownycacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacyoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunycacyoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comynycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komynykasyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "comunicacioun",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "comunicacioun (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "mostly",
        "3": "Late ME",
        "4": "formal"
      },
      "expansion": "(chiefly Late Middle English, formal)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 23 23 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 24 24 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "Discussion, deliberation, conferral."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-XguURyyc",
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "Discussion",
          "discussion"
        ],
        [
          "deliberation",
          "deliberation"
        ],
        [
          "conferral",
          "conferral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 23 23 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 24 24 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "enm:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "An instance of discussion or debate; a meeting."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-IXKdlWe2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "discussion",
          "discussion"
        ],
        [
          "debate",
          "debate"
        ],
        [
          "meeting",
          "meeting"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 23 23 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 24 24 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              135,
              147
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              170,
              177
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Using the example of this ministry, they will glorify God through the obedience [that comes] from your acknowledgement of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your sharing with them and everyone [else].",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 9:13, folio 70, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "bı þe pꝛeuyng of þıs mynyſterie / whıche gloꝛifıen god ın þe obedıence of ȝoure knoulechyng in þe goſpel of crıſt⹎ ⁊ ın ſympleneſſe of comynycacıoũ ın to hẽ ⁊ ın to alle",
          "translation": "Using the example of this ministry, they will glorify God through the obedience [that comes] from your acknowledgement of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your sharing with them and everyone [else].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "Distribution, sharing."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-FEco0f88",
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "Distribution",
          "distribution"
        ],
        [
          "sharing",
          "sharing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "(rare) Distribution, sharing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 23 23 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 24 24 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Communication",
          "orig": "enm:Communication",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "A communication or message."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-VscYeo2B",
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "communication",
          "communication"
        ],
        [
          "message",
          "message"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "(rare) A communication or message."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Similitude, resemblance."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-Gn5hO75q",
      "links": [
        [
          "Similitude",
          "similitude"
        ],
        [
          "resemblance",
          "resemblance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Similitude, resemblance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Frequency, commonness."
      ],
      "id": "en-comunicacioun-enm-noun-P-g69R4c",
      "links": [
        [
          "Frequency",
          "frequency"
        ],
        [
          "commonness",
          "commonness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Frequency, commonness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˌmiu̯niˌkaːsiˈuːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˌmiu̯niˈkaːsjun/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔmini-/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "comunicacioun"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Late Middle English",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English formal terms",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Communication",
    "enm:People"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "communication"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "communicacion"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "communicacion"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French communicacion",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "etymon"
      },
      "expansion": "etymon",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "commūnicātiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin commūnicātiō",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman communicacion, Middle French communicacion, or their etymon Latin commūnicātiō; compare comun (“common”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "comenycacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cominicacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cominicasion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communecacoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communicacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communication",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "communycacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commynycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comownycacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacion",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunicacyoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comunycacyoun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "comynycacioun",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komynykasyon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "comunicacioun",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "comunicacioun (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "mostly",
        "3": "Late ME",
        "4": "formal"
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      "expansion": "(chiefly Late Middle English, formal)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "Discussion, deliberation, conferral."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "Discussion",
          "discussion"
        ],
        [
          "deliberation",
          "deliberation"
        ],
        [
          "conferral",
          "conferral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "An instance of discussion or debate; a meeting."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "discussion",
          "discussion"
        ],
        [
          "debate",
          "debate"
        ],
        [
          "meeting",
          "meeting"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              135,
              147
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              170,
              177
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Using the example of this ministry, they will glorify God through the obedience [that comes] from your acknowledgement of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your sharing with them and everyone [else].",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 9:13, folio 70, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "bı þe pꝛeuyng of þıs mynyſterie / whıche gloꝛifıen god ın þe obedıence of ȝoure knoulechyng in þe goſpel of crıſt⹎ ⁊ ın ſympleneſſe of comynycacıoũ ın to hẽ ⁊ ın to alle",
          "translation": "Using the example of this ministry, they will glorify God through the obedience [that comes] from your acknowledgement of the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your sharing with them and everyone [else].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "Distribution, sharing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "Distribution",
          "distribution"
        ],
        [
          "sharing",
          "sharing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "(rare) Distribution, sharing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "A communication or message."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Interconnection",
          "interconnection"
        ],
        [
          "interaction",
          "interaction"
        ],
        [
          "associate",
          "associate"
        ],
        [
          "communication",
          "communication"
        ],
        [
          "message",
          "message"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Interconnection, interaction; the state of being associated:",
        "(rare) A communication or message."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Similitude, resemblance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Similitude",
          "similitude"
        ],
        [
          "resemblance",
          "resemblance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Similitude, resemblance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Frequency, commonness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Frequency",
          "frequency"
        ],
        [
          "commonness",
          "commonness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Frequency, commonness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˌmiu̯niˌkaːsiˈuːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔˌmiu̯niˈkaːsjun/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔmini-/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "comunicacioun"
}

Download raw JSONL data for comunicacioun meaning in Middle English (6.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.